Spôsob prítomnosti
Modus Praesentiae
Mode of Presence
How Christ is present in/with/under the elements: real presence, spiritual presence, memorial, figurative
Konfesionálne pozície / Confessional Positions
7 documented positions across 3 traditions
Luteránska / Lutheran
real_presence Christ's body and blood are truly and substantially present in, with, and under the bread and wine (in/sub/cum pane). Neither transubstantiation nor mere symbolism.
Definitive Lutheran position. FC SD VII explicitly rejects both transubstantiation and 'Sacramentarian' views.
real_presence_regional Regional Hungarian confessions reproduce CA X essentially verbatim; Confessio Pentapolitana Art. VII adds anti-Zwinglian specificity.
Pentapolitana, Heptapolitana, Scepusiana all affirm real presence. Check Csepregi & Kónya critical edition for precise wording.
Utrakvistická / Utraquist
realist_conservative Substantially Catholic doctrine of real presence retained from pre-Hussite practice. No independent reformulation — the theological question was not *what* is present but *how* the laity receive (sub utraque).
Old-Utraquists never produced a distinct Eucharistic theology. Their practice implies real presence but their silence is itself significant.
reformed_ambiguity Neo-Utraquist Confessio Bohemica (1575) uses deliberately ambiguous formulations that allow both Lutheran and Reformed readings of the Eucharistic presence. Political compromise text.
Haberkern (2023) analyses the 'archaeological' layering of the Confessio Bohemica. The ambiguity is strategic, not accidental.
Jednota bratská / Unity of Brethren
quasi_memorialist Early radical position under Chelčický's influence: bread and wine as signs pointing to a spiritual reality. Near-Zwinglian but without Zwingli's philosophical framework. Rejected by mainstream Unity after 1490s.
Chelčický's position precedes the Zwingli–Luther debate by decades. Context is anti-Catholic rather than intra-Protestant.
spiritual_presence Post-Lukáš Pražský shift (c. 1500–1520s): Christ truly present but spiritually, not corporally. The bread and wine are not bare signs but instruments through which the Spirit communicates Christ. Closer to Calvin than to either Luther or Zwingli, but pre-dates Calvin.
Lukáš engineered this shift against internal opposition. Luther wrote a preface to the 1535 Confession despite the Eucharistic difference — a remarkable ecumenical gesture.
spiritual_presence_refined Blahoslav generation maintains Lukáš's spiritual-presence position but with greater theological sophistication. Expressed primarily through hymnic and liturgical language rather than new doctrinal formulation.
This is precisely the layer that Tranovský encountered and adapted. The hymns carry the theology.
Terminologický aparát / Theological Vocabulary
7 terms across 4 languages (Latin, Czech 16c, German 16c, Slovak)
MODE OF PRESENCE
| Term | Latin | Čeština 16. st. | Deutsch 16. Jh. | Slovenčina (CS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| real_presence | praesentia realis; praesentia vera et substantialis; vere et substantialiter adesse | pravá a podstatná přítomnost; opravdivě přítomen | wahrhaftig gegenwärtig; wesentliche Gegenwart; wahrer Leib und Blut | pravá a podstatná prítomnosť; opravdivě prítomný |
| in_with_under | in pane; sub pane; cum pane; in/sub/cum | pod spůsobou chleba a vína; pod způsobou | unter der Gestalt des Brots und Weins; in/mit/unter dem Brot | pod spôsobou chleba a vína |
| spiritual_presence | spiritualis praesentia; praesentia spiritualis; spiritu praesens | duchovní přítomnost; duchovně přítomen | geistliche Gegenwart; geistlich gegenwärtig | duchovná prítomnosť; duchovne prítomný |
| figurative_sign | signum; figura; significat; repraesentat; typus | znamení; figůra; znamená; značí | Zeichen; Bedeutung; bedeutet | znamenie; značí |
| transubstantiation | transsubstantiatio; conversio substantiae | přepodstatnění; proměnění podstaty | Verwandlung der Substanz; Transsubstantiation | prepodstatnenie |
EUCHARISTIC ELEMENTS
| Term | Latin | Čeština 16. st. | Deutsch 16. Jh. | Slovenčina (CS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| body_of_christ_sacramental | corpus Christi; verum corpus; corpus et sanguis | tělo Kristovo; pravé tělo; tělo a krev | Leib Christi; wahrer Leib; Leib und Blut | telo Kristovo; pravé telo; telo a krv |
| bread_and_wine | panis et vinum; species panis et vini; elementa | chléb a víno; spůsoby chleba a vína | Brot und Wein; Gestalt des Brots | chlieb a víno; spôsoby chleba a vína |
Hymnicko-liturgické dôkazy / Lex Orandi Evidence
EXAMPLE_CS042 "Pane náš nebeský" — st. 3
Modifikácia (Modification): Stanza 3 — 'tělo své pravé' language added; absent in Ivančický source. Explicit real-presence affirmation inserted.
EXAMPLE ENTRY — to be replaced with verified data. Demonstrates the Lutheranisation pattern: Tranovský inserts real-presence vocabulary.
EXAMPLE_IV208 "Chléb náš nebeský" — st. 3
Modifikácia (Modification): Original spiritual-presence framing without explicit corporeal-presence language.
EXAMPLE ENTRY — source hymn for CS042. Demonstrates Unity Eucharistic theology in hymnic form.
EXAMPLE_AC_MASS "Missa — Canon" — elevation rubric
Modifikácia (Modification): Elevation rubric preserved from Catholic Mass; implies real presence and sacrificial theology through liturgical action.
EXAMPLE ENTRY — lex orandi evidence: the rubric reveals theology that normative documents may obscure.
AC1581_EUCH_DEFINITION "Kdo giž z toho Chléba gij a z Kalicha pige" — worthiness formula in Mass rite
Modifikácia (Modification): Worthy-reception formula emphasises faith in the words of institution (Lutheran orientation) WITHOUT specifying mode of presence. No 'pravý'/'substanciálny' qualifiers. Source side of PAIR_006_AC_BA_EUCHARIST.
Doložené Benkom 2024, s. 78–79: "zmienky o tele a krvi, bez prívlastkov typu 'pravý' či 'substanciálny'." Vlastná textová kolacia oproti kritickej edícii čaká. // Documented in Benka 2024, pp. 78–79: 'mentions of body and blood without qualifiers like ''true'' or ''substantial''.' Own textual collation against the critical edition pending.
BA1585_EUCH_MANDUCATIO "Tělo a Krew Syna Božijho" — communion-preparation rubric
Modifikácia (Modification): Explicit manducatio impiorum: real presence is independent of communicant's worthiness; unworthy reception brings damnation. Hard Lutheran confessional formula absent in the AC printed text. Receptor side of PAIR_006_AC_BA_EUCHARIST.
Doložené Benkom 2024, s. 78–79: "formulácie ktoré explicitnejšie smerujú k luteránskemu manducatio impiorum". Spolu s AC viazané v jednom exemplári Lyceálnej knižnice v Bratislave — intra-kódexová stratifikácia. // Documented in Benka 2024, pp. 78–79: 'formulations that more explicitly point toward Lutheran manducatio impiorum.' Bound together with AC in the same Bratislava Lyceal Library exemplar — intra-codex stratification.